DURING AN
INCIDENT
When a serious violence incident occurs, the response will vary depending on the nature of the incident. But the process you need to go through to identify and develop the correct response is the same.
While the specific activities are listed sequentially, it is likely that many activities will be happening concurrently. The phasing of all activities would also vary according to the nature of the incident.
Incident reporting
A serious incident can be identified in many different ways. While a police report is most common, an incident can also be picked up via CCTV, via another emergency service, partner agency, community or health service. It can also be identified in a less timely manner via a GP appointment or interaction with another service provider, or through a visible sign of injury.
However the incident is reported, it is key to ensure that all stakeholders are informed and that the immediate response is in place. Here are links to some policing guidance processes which may be of use as guiding principles.
DEVELOPING A
COORDINATED
PARTNERSHIP
REASSURANCE
RESPONSE

Considerations When Developing A Coordinated Partnership Reassurance Response

Triggers - agree the appropriate trigger mechanisms and thresholds to initiate a coordinated reassurance response.

First point of contact - usually the police make contact with the local authority’s community safety team.

Communication process - information shared with the Council’s gold duty officer, then assess whether the incident needs to be communicated to the Mayor, Chief Executive, Communications team and wider partners.

Liaison with service leads regarding deployment of resources.

Example process for below gold threshold


The Community Safety Team are notified of an incident by MPS (they may already be aware through CCTV coverage). Information on the incident is then shared with contacts in service areas that have knowledge of who the key stakeholders are in a locality. These stakeholders are those that have reach into the community and are able to disseminate reassurance messages and/or be a point of contact for concerned residents.

Contacts in services need to have a clear understanding of their role and responsibility with regards to this process. A briefing will be provided to service contacts that makes this explicit. Service contacts will then either check in with stakeholders in the locality or share contact details relevant services for them to make contact. It is key here is that the contact in the service area has a good knowledge of the stakeholders in the community relevant to their service area.

The process for incidents which are above GOLD threshold is about strengthening and augmenting the GOLD process so that a greater emphasis is put on community reassurance and a consistent coordinated response. There is no intention to create a parallel/additional process to the police.

This should dovetail with the process for lower level incidents in that the same services and service contacts could be involved, depending on their role in delivering services that respond to serious violent incidents. In terms of coordinating the response this will depend on which services are involved and who is best placed to take a lead responding to the particular incident.

Elements of a reassurance response

An enhanced reassurance response would seek to build upon the above and ensure the following -

  • Clear and consistent messaging about the incident itself. This should be kept simple and to the point.
  • Clear and consistent on-going messaging about the partnership response both from a police perspective and from a Council and partner agency perspective. Once there is an agreed need to coordinate a response then the gold duty officer would convene key services. This group would then agree a coordinated response and mobilise resources. This would require ensuring partners are aware about what is happening in terms of the response and should be part of the role of the group convened to coordinate the response.
  • A good understanding of the area, social infrastructure, community and community support in the locality where an incident occurs.

This relies on the on the ground knowledge of contacts in service areas. The following is a checklist of potential partners to engage with and cascade messages and information to in an area where an incident takes place.

  • Registered Social landlords and relevant TRAs
  • Secondary and Primary Schools and early years settings
  • Religious Institutions (Churches, Mosques and Synagogues)
  • Voluntary sector provision and key anchor organisations
  • GPs and health centres
  • Safer Neighbourhoods Team
  • Ward Councillors
  • Youth/children out of school settings

Who is actually contacted in an area will necessarily depend on the infrastructure present in a locality.

  • Ensuring that information is disseminated about where concerned residents can go for advice and support
  • A consistent form of broader messaging that gives perspective and provides reassurance about the extent of the issues around violence and knife crime.

Implementation and next steps

For the below GOLD threshold response key next steps are –

  • Identify the contacts in service areas
  • Agree brief for service area contacts and ensure they understand their role
  • For the above GOLD threshold response key next steps are –
  • Draft and agree briefing for GOLD and officers from key service areas

Briefing for key service contacts regarding community reassurance in the light of an incident

It is important to ensure that local communities feel reassured and supported following an incident.

For more serious incidents that trigger a GOLD response this could include coordinating the deployment of resources in a locality. For incidents that fall below the GOLD threshold the main aim could be to ‘check in’ with the community to convey there is recognition that there’s been a concerning incident, that it’s being investigated and that support is available if needed. For more serious incidents a series of messages may be needed to relay updates and any progress in investigations.

Ensuring local stakeholders are in a position to respond to community concerns is extremely important. This could include sharing the following: the nature and seriousness of the incident, the status of the investigation (this may be very minimal and simply be the fact that it’s being investigated), an appeal for information about the incident, details of key contacts and where to go for advice and support or if they have information to share.

Consideration should always be given to the risk of raising alarm unnecessarily and inadvertently causing undue concern.

CRITICAL
INCIDENT 
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPING A
COORDINATED
PARTNERSHIP
REASSURANCE
RESPONSE
Scene management
After an incident, it is important to ensure that any scene is being managed. This will usually be led by the police, who will also ensure that all safety measures are in place.
Incident categorisation
When an incident happens, it will be categorised by the police. If the police categorise the incident as requiring a gold group response, this kicks off an extremely well-defined process.
However, an incident that is not categorised this way from the police may still be an incident of note from the Council’s or Community Safety Partnership’s perspective. This can be for many reasons. It could be how it sits within a cumulative level of activity. It could have led to a minor injury, but raised community concerns or trauma.This may need a similar approach to a gold group, but led by the council.

Response lead
The categorisation of the response will often indicate the lead for the response. Once the lead is identified, it is important to also identify and inform all relevant partners.
At this stage, it is also important to consider cross-borough responses. An incident can happen in one borough, involving people who live, work or attend education in another borough. it is important that the response is consistent across boroughs, so identifying the lead and the partners outside the borough are also important.
At this stage, it is also important to identify key community representatives who should be involved.
Hold critical incident/key partners meeting
Once the key partners are identified, the first meeting is held. This would depend whether it was a gold group/critical incident or incident of note/partner meeting. Attendees, format and timing of meeting varies depending on the incident categorisation as explained above


Develop and implement response plan
The next stage is to develop and implement the response plan. The response needs to be appropriate tot he incident and likely impact of it, and should be reviewed and updated as necessary.
The response will likely include a range of activities including witness appeals, analysis of CCTV footage, consideration of increased patrols, outreach engagement, mediation, providing victim’s/bereavement support, communications approach, community liaison and contact mapping.
DEVELOPING
A
COORDINATED
RESPONSE
SERIOUS
VIOLENCE
INCIDENT
CHECKLIST
EXAMPLE

Communications planning and implementation
One of the biggest challenges during and immediately after an incident is managing the flow and accuracy of information.
When an incident has occurred and police are in attendance, often they are unable to immediately respond to questions, because they are still establishing the facts and they need to be mindful of protecting any future court proceedings. In the meantime, social media footage may already be circulating and media reporting is sensationalising the event.
When responding to an incident, it is important to share accurate information as soon as possible, but not to compete with this other ‘noise’. It is particularly important that messages are consistent from multiple sources, and that all messages are agreed across partners - including community representative, faith groups etc. Regardless of who leads communications, it is important that information is accurate and consistent.
SERIOUS
INCIDENTS

MEDIA 
MANAGEMENT
SERIOUS 
INCIDENTS

EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATIONS

Serious Incidents - Effective Communications

Media management

It is good practice to consult all stakeholders/agencies involved in the response regarding media issues, to ensure that there is a consistent approach by all the partners and, where appropriate, a single co-ordinated and accurate response.

The media should not be used to negotiate with the family or those directly affected. And the media strategy should be consistent with wider communications being planned.

The police or local council will often prefer to provide the lead in developing responses and media statements. The Community Safety Partnership may provide the link between different stakeholders. Where a quote is sought from either the elected Mayor or cabinet member lead, this is usually co-ordinated via the local authority.

Communications

Communication materials should be jargon free and in plain English; available in accessible formats and provided in alternative language(s) as appropriate. When engaging with local communities, events where individuals can discuss the issues first-hand are invaluable.

The type and tone of language should be tactful. Key messages should have clear objectives. It is important to consider the effectiveness of different types of messages for particular communities.

Using existing trusted community networks and forms of communication to share information are usually very successful.

Serious Incident Media Managament

One of the biggest challenges during and immediately after an incident is managing the flow of information.

In the early stages of the police response to an incident, events are fast moving and assessing the circumstances to provide accurate information takes some time. In the meantime, social media footage may already be circulated and media reporting is sensationalising the event.

These are new challenges we have to deal with. There is work underway to establish relationships with journalists nationally to improve coverage and share more positive stories. There is also work underway to encourage social media platforms to remove harmful content.

Alongside this social media challenge, when a serious violent incident occurs, it can create an environment of fear or one of community anger. Local people may feel shock, anger, hate, disbelief, bitterness, fear, frustration, anxiety etc. This can be experience by both those who were directly affected by an incident, as well as those who may have been in proximity to it.

When responding to an incident, it is important to understand this context and share accurate information as soon as possible, but not to compete with this other ‘noise’. It is particularly important that messages are consistent, so this is when working collaboratively

is extremely valuable. If the police, local authorities, community groups, schools, faith leaders etc are all telling the same story (albeit in their own distinct ways), then it reinforces the correct information. It allows people to pick up information from trusted sources, which vary from person to person. And the consistency and coordination do much to reassure.

Ideally, message development should be led by the community safety partnership, and shared with the wider group for dissemination. However, where the nature of an incident requires an alternative approach, the most important things to ensure are accuracy. and consistency.

Voluntary/community/faith groups are an incredibly important group when responding to a serious incident. These people and groups are often known and trusted. So they have an important role in both sharing information responsibly, and leading on community recovery. They also have relationships into services, where they may be able to access additional support on behalf of their communities. And finally, they often have relationships with families where they can check in with them after other support services may have moved on.

SERIOUS 
INCIDENTS

MEDIA
MANAGEMENT
SERIOUS
INCIDENTS
EFFECTIVE
COMMUN-ICATIONS

Serious Incident Media Managament

One of the biggest challenges during and immediately after an incident is managing the flow of information.

In the early stages of the police response to an incident, events are fast moving and assessing the circumstances to provide accurate information takes some time. In the meantime, social media footage may already be circulated and media reporting is sensationalising the event.

These are new challenges we have to deal with. There is work underway to establish relationships with journalists nationally to improve coverage and share more positive stories. There is also work underway to encourage social media platforms to remove harmful content.

Alongside this social media challenge, when a serious violent incident occurs, it can create an environment of fear or one of community anger. Local people may feel shock, anger, hate, disbelief, bitterness, fear, frustration, anxiety etc. This can be experience by both those who were directly affected by an incident, as well as those who may have been in proximity to it.

When responding to an incident, it is important to understand this context and share accurate information as soon as possible, but not to compete with this other ‘noise’. It is particularly important that messages are consistent, so this is when working collaboratively

is extremely valuable. If the police, local authorities, community groups, schools, faith leaders etc are all telling the same story (albeit in their own distinct ways), then it reinforces the correct information. It allows people to pick up information from trusted sources, which vary from person to person. And the consistency and coordination do much to reassure.

Ideally, message development should be led by the community safety partnership, and shared with the wider group for dissemination. However, where the nature of an incident requires an alternative approach, the most important things to ensure are accuracy. and consistency.

Voluntary/community/faith groups are an incredibly important group when responding to a serious incident. These people and groups are often known and trusted. So they have an important role in both sharing information responsibly, and leading on community recovery. They also have relationships into services, where they may be able to access additional support on behalf of their communities. And finally, they often have relationships with families where they can check in with them after other support services may have moved on.


Health planning
In responding to an incident, it is also important to establish a plan for managing health settings. This could be ongoing liaison with hospitals/GPs, understanding discharge plans and consider issues around visitors to the victim within a healthcare setting.

Community liaison
Community liaison will be a key part of any response plan. The scope of this liaison will be defined as part of the response plan. Activities could include community meetings/community hubs, visits to local businesses, visits to community/faith organisations, offers of direct support to those affected (witnesses, friends, family etc).
As part of community liaison, you could also undertake work to monitor tensions and call for support in prevention work, and agree an approach for managing memorials and tributes.
MANAGING
TRIBUTES
AND
MEMORIALS
MEMORIAL
MANAGEMENT
POLICY
EXAMPLE

Managing Tributes and Memorials

Memorials are temporary or permanent reminders, often placed by friends and family of someone who has died. A memorial may consist of flowers, messages, poems, photographs and personal objects. They are usually placed at, or close to, the site of death.

It is important to think about how memorials and tributes are managed. They are important to the friends and family of the person who has died, and often play an important role in their grieving process. Therefore, they should not be cleared away without informing the family. But at the same time, they can increase people’s fear of crime by reminding them of where a death has occurred. They can also pose a health and safety hazard to people moving through the borough.


It is important to establish processes for how tributes and memorials are managed, and how/when they are cleared away. This will likely include moving them to a different location, to allow family/friends to collect memorable items, prior to disposal. This process should be handled sensitively

Memorial Management Policy Example

Islington Memorial Management Policy

Reviewing the Policy

This policy will be a live document and may be updated in line with organisational & legislative or national guidance. Content will be reviewed on an annual basis (see section 6)

1. Background

It has become commonplace for tragic deaths to be marked with the creation of temporary memorials to the deceased in public places. These memorials take a variety of forms including the placing of flowers, photographs, candles, food, drink and other tokens to remember the deceased. It may be in a public place associated with their residence or the location of a crime or accident. In most cases, the deceased’s family will be leading but situations may arise where there is no responsible person or group to relate to such as when celebrities or respected public figures have had an association with the area.

Issues can arise from them including maintenance of the site, management of visitors at the location, longevity and the possibility of a permanent memorial. Different approaches are currently employed across Islington depending on whether the site is located on a public highway or on council land including parks or residential areas such as estates.

2. The aims of this policy:

  • Apply a consistent approach across the borough
  • Provide guidance so that decisions are proportionate and sensitive to individual
  • Circumstances
  • Assist in managing community issues and expectations

3. Issues

  • There is a need to balance the needs of the bereaved, by showing respect and compassion for their loss, with those of the wider community
  • Memorials at crime locations or fatal accident sites can provide a constant reminder to residents and visitors that a tragic incident took place there, raising concerns about public safety and increasing the fear of crime
  • Gatherings at the site can lead to anti-social behaviour and noise nuisance to nearby residents
  • Sites need to be maintained on a regular basis to ensure that they minimise obstruction to footways and roads, limit infestation risk by removing dead flowers and rotting food, not allowing graffiti and managing fire risks
  • There is likely to be associated costs in officer time and service provision such as cleansing at any site
  • Tributes are private property and the family of the deceased need to be involved in maintenance, removal and considering options for the future
  • The lead service for the council will vary depending on whether the site is on council land such as a housing estate or park, on the public highway or private land.

4. Process:

  • A lead service and named officer will be identified to be responsible for management of the site (including liaison with the bereaved family, regular inspection of the site, keeping relevant partners involved)

Lead services will be

  • Public Highway - Street Environment Services
  • Parks and Open Spaces – The Parks Service
  • Housing Estate - LBI Housing or relevant housing provider
  • Cemeteries – ICCS
  • Private land – Public Protection who will determine responsibility.

Where it is unclear who should lead, the Service Director (Public Protection) will make the decision.

Community Safety will have an overview of all sites and assist services with the management.

  • Information following the death of person and memorial management will be shared with the following:
  • Met Police
  • London Fire Brigade
  • Street Environment Services
  • Parks Service / Tree Service / Parkguard (as required)
  • Housing (as required)
  • Public Protection – ASB Response Team, Community Safety, Compliance
  • Team, Emergency Planning
  • Communications
  • Executive members for Community Safety and Children’s Social Care (as required)
  • Ward Councillors
  • Public
  • large attendance be anticipated. They should also be consulted if memorial events are proposed during the mourning period or at any other time such as to commemorate anniversaries or birthdays
  • Permission can be given for a memorial to be set up but it is unlikely that this will be requested. Where permission is requested, the extent and content of the memorial should be agreed together with who will be responsible for management. Once in place the aim is for it to be well maintained and removed as soon as possible depending on individual circumstances i.e. date of funeral, inquest etc. with a suggested maximum timescale of a month applied after the funeral of the deceased
  • Tokens placed at the site can include flowers, items of clothing, flags, photos, cards, candles, food, drink and toys. Any items that present a safety risk such as alcohol or items that could be used as weapons will need to be removed
  • The lead officer will liaise with the family or group taking responsibility (and any support they may be engaging with such as an allocated family liaison officer, religious leader or ward councillor) to seek agreement on the location, duration and extent of the site. This includes:
  • The family or group taking responsibility for maintenance of the site as far as possible and communicating with neighbours or adjacent residents about the memorial
  • Agreeing the extent of the site and management arrangements so as not to cause obstruction and allow safe access
  • Working together to resolve nuisance caused at the site by gatherings including considering alternative locations
  • Protection will assist with arrangements for the funeral and wake.
  • Removing or relocating the memorial if emergency access for works is needed by the utility companies or other agencies
  • Discussing options for a permanent memorial if requested and appropriate (see 5 below)
  • The lead officer will liaise with the land-owner if it is private land
  • The lead officer will work with other services to maintain the site if there is no identifiable person or organisation taking responsibility
  • Where the site sets up in response to the death of a member of the royal family o prominent public servant, Emergency Planning will lead, invoking the plans in place for such as eventuality
  • In cases where there is no family contact, any tokens or tributes remain the property of the person placing them there and will need to be retained for a period after removal so that they can claim them. The lead officer will need to consider how best to advertise this fact, arrange storage and the eventual disposal. It may be possible to donate some items to charity and this should be explored
  • The lead officer will liaise with partners and task Police / ASB Response Team patrols to monitor the location if there is nuisance and have graffiti removed if required
  • If the family or responsible group are not able to remove the memorial, the council will undertake it at no cost on a date agreed
  • The lead service is responsible for keeping the Exec Member for Community Safety and/or Children’s Social Care, local ward councillors and relevant officers (listed above) up-to-date on issues.

5. Permanent memorials

The council will work with families or others if they wish to have a permanent memorial but it is not always possible to agree to it, especially if it is wanted on the highway or on an estate. The preference is to have the memorial in a park or at the cemeteries operated through Islington and Camden Cemeteries Service. The cost needs to be met by the family or others rather than the council.

Options offered by The Parks Service include:

  • A memorial bench – blank or engraved (plaques are not permitted due to historic thefts)

Options offered by The Tree Service include:

  • A memorial tree planted at a suitable location within the borough

Options offered by the cemetery service:

  • Can be viewed at: http://iccslondon.co.uk/ and are available even if the deceased has not been buried or cremated at one of Islington’s cemeteries

MANAGING
TRIBUTES
AND
MEMORIALS
MEMORIAL
MANAGEMENT
POLICY
EXAMPLE

Review and ongoing management
As part of the response plan, it may be important to undertake associate/relationship mapping to understand who may be impacted by the incident. At this stage, a Family Liaison Officer (or equivalent) may be appointed.
At this stage, it will be important to identify and address any safe guarding concerns, and also consider the implications relating to social care, housing and friendship groups.

Engagement with education settings
Education settings have a key role in supporting the response to serious violent incidents involving or affecting young people - due to their proximity and relationships with those affected.
It is important to alert schools of anybody who may be affected by an incident, and work with them to agree how they will support their students.
It is also important to support schools with a critical incident plan, and deploy therapeutic services to schools where this would be useful.

Relationship mapping
As the response is developed and initiatives are implemented, it is important to evaluate the impact of the response. Evaluation is a key part of future planning.
While it will be necessary to continue supporting people for different periods of time, there will be a point where the response activity is scaled down and a prevention approach is more appropriate.
However, during this time, it is important to be aware of key dates - birthdays, anniversaries, court proceedings, and have a plan in place to support these dates.
IDENTIFYING
TRAUMA
SUPPORTING
YOUR CHILD
KNIFE
CRIME
TOOLKIT
SUPPORTING
PUPILS

Identifying Trauma

Reactions to grief

These vary, depending on the individual, their resilience and the circumstances involved. What may be considered an irrational reaction by some, may feel perfectly rational to the individual, and it is important that these feelings are respected. Reactions to grief may include: shock, searching, disbelief, anger, hate, bitterness, guilt, fear, ambivalence, isolation, frustration, despair, hopelessness, anxiety, loneliness, acceptance.

Impact of an event on the wider community

A traumatic event can have a significant impact on an entire community Members of a community may suffer similar psychological and/or emotional trauma, because of their proximity to an event, to those who were directly affected. Their sense of safety and feelings of vulnerability may also increase.

Support organisations

The family liaison and coordination of support services (FLACSS) have produced a booklet, Support at a Time of Loss, for those who have suffered sudden or violent bereavement. This booklet provides details of a number of organisations which can offer advice or support to victims. FLACSS do not specifically recommend the organisations named in the booklet. Victims must themselves decide which, if any, they may wish to contact. Google FLACSS for more information.

Guide to understanding your child's reactions and how you can help

INFORMATION FOR PARENTS 

When a child or young person experiences a traumatic incident it can be very upsetting for them and for you.Even though the event is over your child may still be experiencing reactions to it. It is normal for children and young people to be upset after such a happening. It is unlikely that they have experienced such an event before and so their reaction may be challenging for you.

Their reaction may last a few days, a few weeks or longer. Reassurance, understanding and support from you, along with their teachers and their friends can help them to cope.

 

THINKING

Confused Nightmares/bad dreamsPoor concentration Restless

Not interested in what is going on Spending a lot of time thinking about what happened

Thinking that they cannot cope

 

FEELINGS

Worried

Guilty

Anxious

Fearful

Easily upset Cross

Panicky Overwhelmed

 

BEHAVIOURS

Loss of appetite

Being very quiet

Nervous

Being quarrelsome/arguing

 

PHYSICAL COMPLAINTS

Feeling tired all the time

Unable to rest or settle

Feeling sick/knot in tummy

Cold and shivery

 

REMEMBER

·     These are normal reactions.

·     The reactions should lessen in time normally over the next few weeks.

·     If you continue to have concerns some more specialist help may be needed. Talk to your doctor about this.

 

HELPING YOUR CHILD

It is important that you are strong enough to bear whatever your child wants to talk about and to answer their questions.

 

DO

Take time to listen and answer questions.

Be honest in your explanations and in showing your own sadness or grief.

Let them know their feelings are important.

Give plenty of reassurance and affection. Let them know you love them and will be there for them.

Keep to routines and patterns asmuch as possible.

Be aware that changes such as clinging or aggressive behaviour or physical problems may be an expression of grief.

Take things one day at a time.

 

DO NOT

Try to hide your own sadness or grief but try not to overwhelm them with such.

Tell your child not to worry or be sad. They cannot control their feelings.

Feel like you have to have all the answers or get it right all the time.

Be surprised at your child’s ability to set grief aside and alternate between sadness and happiness. Time with friends and playmates enables them to release anxiety about incidents over which they have no control.

IDENTIFYING
TRAUMA
SUPPORT
PUPILS
ADVICE ON
EVALUATION
AND
MEASUREMENT
CRITICAL
INCIDENT
MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
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